| THE LOWER CLASSES UNDER THE OLD REGIME | FRANCE | RUSSIA | BOTH |
| THE PEASANTS | |||
| Over 80% of the population | - | - | x |
| Subjection to aristocracy | - | - | x |
| Hostility to the aristocracy | - | - | x |
| General loyality to the monarch initially | x | - | - |
| Land hunger (population growth) | - | - | x |
| High taxation (nobles resisted reform) | - | - | x |
| Some Improvement in Previous Status | - | - | x |
| Recent Crisis | - | - | - |
| agrarian | x | - | - |
| war | - | x | - |
| Tradition of protest and riot | - | - | x |
| Prior targets of bourgeoisie ideologists | - | x | - |
| Crisis in domestic industry | x | - | - |
| Recent revolutionary experiences | - | x | - |
| Collective organizations (communes, mirs) | - | - | x |
| Preponderance of army enlistees | - | - | x |
| THE WORKERS | |||
| Small minority of population | - | - | x |
| Dislocation of industrialization
(shift from craft to factory) | - | - | x |
| Concentration in major cities | - | - | x |
| Crisis threatening food supply
(famine, war, hoarding) | - | - | x |
| Strong anti bourgeoisie feeling | x | - | - |
| Tradition of riot and protest | - | - | x |
| Tradition of organization | - | - | - |
| long standing | x | - | - |
| recent | - | x | - |
| Prior targets of bourgeoisie idealogists | - | x | - |
| Recent depression, unemployment. inflation | - | - | x |
| Recent revolutionary experience | - | x | - |
| LOWER CLASSES DURING THE REVOLUTIONARY YEAR | - | - | - |
| PEASANTS | |||
| Spontaneous attacks on aristocracy and feudal system | - | - | x |
| Redefination of people as a nation | - | - | x |
| Demands for peace | - | - | |
| Land | - | - | x |
| Bread | - | - | x |
| Anti-bourgeoisie or anti-capitalist actions | - | - | x |
| Mobilization of bourgeoisie against common enemies | - | - | x |
| Protest forcing the pace of the revolution | - | - | x |
| Susceptable to fear and rumors | - | - | x |
| Actions inspiring fear in bopurgeoisie | x | ||
| Actions inspiring tension with town dwellers | x | - | - |
| Early satisfaction of major demands, then essentially opposed to further revolution | x | - | - |
| Mobilization for further revolution | - | x | - |
| Patriotic response to foreign threats | x | - | - |
| WORKERS | |||
| Early strikes, demonstrations, riots, crucial in igniting the revolution | - | - | x |
| Overriding concern with food supply
(particularily with the women) | - | - | x |
| Impatience with pace of change of governing bodies | - | - | x |
| Early organization into revolutionary bodies | - | - | x |
| Extensive acquisition of arms | - | - | x |
| Actions inspiring fear in the bourgeoisie | - | - | x |
| Mobilization for continued revolution | - | - | x |
| Focus on revolutionary ideology | - | x | - |
| Patriotic response to foreign threats | x | - | - |